ABSTRACT
Owing to the density of the traffic in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore (SOMS), the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) did succeed to implement a governance principle between Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore, the three surrounding nations around SOMS), but there still remained several navigational challenges and threats to maritime such as cybersecurity issues, navigation theftand other types of cybercrimes. This study employed an explorative research design, and made use of documentation research method for data collection. This study unearthed several layers of the cyber and information security domain known as maritime cybersecurity and explored various types of cyber security issues that might prevent the smooth functioning of Traffic Separation Schemes and other shipping communication networks in the SOMS region. This study fulfills the long felt need of examining the existing provisions of regulatory frameworks and the vulnerabilities of e-navigation in the TSS and assessing the cyber security of shipping activities in the Malacca straits. While investigating the landscape of cyber threats amidst actual incidents in the maritime sector, this study forewarns the shipping companies against cyber risks and threats. It also recommends how cybersecurity could be improved in the maritime sector over time, and hopefully it might inspire further research work.